ok, I just checked it myself by opening new 4images and creating 4 categories with 1 sub-category in each and 4 images in each cat and sub-cat.
so, as far as I can see that RANDOM_CAT_IMAGE picks only images from it's category, and doesnt pick any images from its sub-category.
so, as far as RANDOM_IMAGE pick an image from any of categories not sub-category, it picks the same image as RANDOM_CAT_IMAGE in that category.
another words, if there are 10 categories with 1000 images in each and no sub-categories, then u can notice that RANDOM_IMAGE will have same picture as one of RANDOM_CAT_IMAGE.
that's probably something with rand. image cache I think.